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More than 2000 years ago First settlers arrive in Ka Pae'ina from the Marquesas Islands 750 A.D. Probable migration from Tahiti ca. 1200 Stopped excursions and settled 1778 The first foreigners, Captain James Cook and his crew, came to Ka Pae'ina; the Kanaka Maoli have a hierarchical society 1789 The first U.S. sea merchants arrived for mid-ocean provisions 1810 Kamehameha I, the first King of Hawai'i established a government of the Hawaiian Islands 1820-1850 New England Calvinist missionaries arrived 1823 Skilled Chinese workers arrive to help set up sugar mills 1840 U.S. missionary-drafted constitution for a Euro-American monarchial government 1841 Kanaka Maoli kingdom became first nation in the world with a tuition-free public school system, resulting in the highest known literacy rate 1848-1850 Missionary-urged land laws replaced communal native land use with private ownership of land 1850 Kanaka Maoli kingdom became first nation to establish a board of health to inspect newly arriving ships for contagious infections 1852 Second group of Chinese arrive 1853 Smallpox epidemic among the Hawaiian population 1854 Kanaka Maoli kingdom became first nation to require smallpox vaccination 1868 First small group of Japanese arrive 1878 First Portuguese arrive from Madeira 1881 A group of German Caucasians arrive 1884-1886 Five shiploads of Portuguese arrive 1885 Main Japanese immigration begins 1887 "Bayonet" treaty 1893 U.S. armed invasion seized government and lands of the Kanaka Maoli kingdom in violation of treaties and international law, holocaust of more than 90% of the indigenous Hawaiians, proclaimed Hawai'i a protectorate of the U.S., called for the restoration of the Hawaiian monarchy; Provisional Government refused and pursued annexation. 1894 Annexation denied; Provisional Government declared itself to be the Republic of Hawai'i. Sanford Ballard Dole elected president of the Republic of Hawai'i 1895 Republic of Hawai'i forced queen to abdicate her throne 1898 Through the Newlands Resolution, from the Spanish-American War, the Republic of Hawai'i ceded to the U.S., and annexed Hawai'i as part of the U.S. 1900 Okinawan immigration begins
1903 Korean immigration begins 1906 Immigration of Filipinos begins 1907 Presidential executive order banning further immigration 1908 Life expectancy at birth of Kanaka Maoli continued to be shortest 1910-1930 Piha Kanaka Maoli had highest overall age-adjusted mortality rate 1910-1980 Foremost fatal ailments are TB, pneumonia-influenza, gastrointestinal disorders, and heart disease 1920-1930 Sharp rise in Caucasian immigration - members of the U.S. armed forces 1921-1925 Korean brides arrive
1924 Oriental Exclusion Act closes door on free entry of laborers to
the United States
1934 Tydings-McDuffie Act Restricts annual immigration of Filipinos to quota of 50 1924-1936 Continued Japanese immigration (about 100 per year) 1940 Heart disease becomes dominant 1941-1945 World War II 1945 Governor of Hawaii reopens immigration, citing labor shortage Second wave of Filipino immigration - workers, wives, and children 1946 Unionization of plantation workers 1953 Workers offered opportunity to purchase plantation homes 1959 Hawai'i becomes the Fiftieth State 1960 Economic boom 1965 President Lyndon Johnson signs new immigration bill, increasing quota to 20,000 (not including spouses and children of U.S. citizens) Third wave of Filipino immigration 1969 War brides arrive (wives of American servicemen in Korea) 1970 Second Chinese immigration, from Taiwan and Hong Kong 1975 Vietnamese refugees arrive 1978 Laotian and Cambodian refugees arrive 1983 Public attention brought to Kanaka Maoli health 1985 E Ola Mau Native Hawaiian Health Needs Study Report published 1988, 1992 U.S. Native Hawaiian Health Care Acts Adapted from People and Cultures of Hawaii - A Psychocultural Profile; John F. McDermott; Wen-Shing Tseng; Thomas W. Maretzki, 1980 and Asian American and Pacific Islander Journal of Health,The Health Status of Kanaka Maoli (Indigenous Hawaiians), Autumn 1993, Vol.1, No. 2. |